Chapter 4: Environmental Change

After completing this chapter you will understand:

How environmental change can be in a steady state, can be shifting back and forth (oscillating), or evolving.
How rates of environmental change vary, from those happening in seconds to those taking many millions of years to complete.
How the scale of environmental change varies, from local changes in a pond or valley, to those that change the entire world.
How environmental change in one Earth system can affect other Earth systems often distant in both space and time.
How science and environmental monitoring help to understand environmental change.
How environmental change can have both positive and negative impacts and be challenging to understand.

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